By Ayodele Momodu — MD/CEO, Pillar Point Homes and Properties Investment Ltd
Buying land remains one of the wisest investments you can make in Nigeria — yet it is also one of the most perilous if you proceed without due diligence. Every week, I meet people who have lost millions of naira to fraud, conflicting claims, or invalid titles. The difference between a secure asset and a costly mistake often comes down to five critical documents. Here is what you must verify before you pay a kobo.
- Certificate of Occupancy (C of O)
The most important document in Nigerian land transactions. Issued by the state government, it grants the holder statutory right of occupancy for 99 years and serves as primary proof of ownership. Do not accept a photocopy — inspect the original, confirm the serial number and owner’s name at the State Land Registry, and ensure it bears the Governor’s signature and official seal.
- Approved Survey Plan
Prepared and signed by a licensed surveyor, this document defines the land’s exact boundaries, coordinates, and area. It reveals whether the land falls under government acquisition, road reservations, or overlaps with another property. Always confirm the plan carries the Surveyor-General’s approval number — and physically walk the boundaries to verify they match what is on paper.
- Deed of Assignment
This is the legal instrument that transfers ownership from the seller to you. Drafted by a legal practitioner, it must clearly describe the property, identify both parties, and reference the root of title. It must be properly stamped and registered at the Land Registry. Without a duly executed Deed of Assignment, you cannot prove the land was ever sold to you.
- Governor’s Consent
Under Nigeria’s Land Use Act, any transfer of a C of O requires the Governor’s written consent. Many buyers overlook this — and it renders their purchase legally incomplete. The consent must be genuine and issued by the State Lands Bureau. Never take possession or pay in full until it is secured.
- Excision and Gazette (For Community Land)
If the land comes from family or community ownership, demand proof it was legally excised and published in the official Government Gazette. This confirms the land was released to the community and not marked for government acquisition. Without a published excision, the land could be reclaimed at any time — no matter how long your family has lived there.
Final Note
“Verify before you invest — not after.”
No matter how honest the seller appears or how attractive the price may be, words of mouth are worthless in land matters. Insist on originals, conduct independent searches, and engage a qualified property lawyer. These five documents are not just paperwork — they are your security, your peace of mind, and the true value of your investment.
Buy wisely. Verify first. Secure your future.
Ayodele Momodu is Founder and Managing Director of Pillar Point Homes and Properties Investment Ltd, a UK-Nigerian real estate development firm focused on transparent, quality property transactions across Nigeria.
